Human Fetal Stem Cell Therapy

Human Fetal Stem Cell Therapy is a medical treatment whereby human Fetal Stem Cells (“mother” cells of the body) are transplanted into a patient. These cellular building blocks are usually administered intravenously (Fetal pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells) and subcutaneously (Fetal neuronal stem cells). It is a painless procedure, which takes place in approximately one hour, with no negative side effects.
The Fetal Stem Cell searches out, detects and then attempts to repair any damage or deficit discovered, as well as releases growth factors, which stimulate the body’s own repair mechanisms.

Fetal Cell Properties

· Human Fetal Stem Cell Therapy can be compared to a bone marrow transplant, which is known to be a successful treatment for a variety of malignant, autoimmune and genetic diseases. The primary advantage of Fetal Stem Cell transplantation is that unlike a traditional bone marrow, or umbilical cord blood stem cell transplant, there is no need for the difficult and at times futile attempt to find a donor match.

· The Fetal Stem Cell does not have antigenicity (a cellular fingerprint) therefore they can be given to anyone without any rejection phenomena, thereby eliminating the use of immunosuppressive therapy (drugs that suppress the much needed immune system).

· Graft versus Host Reaction (where the donor cells attack the recipient, a dangerous and potentially fatal complication of bone marrow and umbilical cord transplantation) does not exist in Fetal Stem Cell therapy.

· Due to their controlled ability to rapidly proliferate, and their immediate release of growth factors, the Fetal Stem Cells are capable of, at times, quickly reversing lost functions.

These properties of the Fetal Stem Cell allow for unique treatment intervention in a multiplicity of diseases for a large group of patients who up until now have not had any means for recovery.

Patient Benefits

A large number of patients have been treated with Fetal Stem Cell Therapy, with by current standards, remarkable physical and psychological improvements.The range of human diseases currently viewed as candidates for fetal stem cell therapy is enormous and is continually expanding.Although it is still considered to be an experimental treatment in the United States, Human Fetal Stem Cell Therapy has been performed in other countries. Medra, Inc. can make the arrangements for receiving the Human Fetal Stem Cell Treatment. At the present time the therapy is administered in the Dominican Republic. (A one hour and forty-five minute flight from Miami.)Rarely has a single treatment modality offered so much promise to those suffering from some of mankind’s worst afflictions.

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology can best be considered as a 'catch-all' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a metre, that is, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
An early promoter of the industrial applications of nanotechnology, Albert Franks, defined it as 'that area of science and technology where dimensions and tolerances in the range of 0.1nm to 100 nm play a critical role'. It encompasses precision engineering as well as electronics; electromechanical systems (eg 'lab-on-a-chip' devices) as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas as diverse as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques.
Because nanotechnology has opened up new worlds of possibility, it has spawned a proliferation of new terminology - a kind of nanospeak to the uninitiated. For example, the two fundamentally different approaches to nanotechnology are graphically termed 'top down' and 'bottom up'. 'Top-down' refers to making nanoscale structures by machining and etching techniques, whereas 'bottom-up', or molecular nanotechnology, applies to building organic and inorganic structures atom-by-atom, or molecule-by-molecule. Top-down or bottom-up is a measure of the level of advancement of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, as applied today, is still in the main at what may be considered the more primitive 'top-down' stage.

A breakthrough that may herald the beginning of the 'bottom-up' stage of nanotechnology has been the discovery of spinning molecular structures. These may open the door to realising the holy grail of power generation and controllable motion at the molecular level, with huge applications for medicine and information technology.

Another feature of nanotechnology is that it is the one area of research and development that is truly multidisciplinary. Research at the nanoscale is unified by the need to share knowledge on tools and techniques, as well as information on the physics affecting atomic and molecular interactions in this new realm. Materials scientists, mechanical and electronic engineers and medical researchers are now forming teams with biologists, physicists and chemists.

ETHICAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS*
Over thirty years ago 20th Century Fox took the moviegoing public (and Raquel Welch) on a "Fantastic Voyage." In this cinematic barn-stormer, a diplomat lay near death from a blood clot, until, through miraculous technologies, scientists shrank a 30-foot-long clot-busting metal ship to the size of a pin's head
Audiences shuddered and gasped as the miniature ship sailed through the bloodstream, encountering white blood cells that seemed as large as the Brobdingagian giants confronted by Gulliver on his travels. The ship's crew narrowly avoided destruction and its heroes were restored to normal size. It was a fantastic first step toward human dreams of shrinking medicine to microscopic size. Today at the cinema we are entertained by even more dramatic stories of kids shrunk to the size of ants and microscopic machines sent to infect the world. But is it just fiction?
In 2000, the barrier between man and machine is as thin as a strand from the double helix. As computer equipment, surgical tools and communications pipelines shrink ever smaller, the next step in engineering is to merge biological and mechanical molecules and compounds into really, really small machines. This will happen in many different ways, and it raises many new issues.

First, we are beginning to see life forms reduced to molecular codes. This means that in our lifetime, viruses and components of our own DNA are going to become a lot more portable. Today, the last samples of smallpox virus are locked away in a vault in Atlanta at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tomorrow, getting smallpox may be as simple as forwarding an e-mail attachment with the smallpox DNA code to a $5,000 DNA synthesizer. The portability of DNA also means that where you once thought of your DNA as a part of your body, tomorrow the DNA from any of your cells might be used to make a cloned embryo or to make a big sack of cloned tissue for transplantation.

Is it ethical to move life around this way, playing mix-and-match with bits from different animals and species? Should we create entirely new kinds of life from the molecule up? Would it be wrong to build a bacterial life form that depended on a machine for survival, such as battery-acid-powered carpet-stain-removal bacteria? Or is that no more problematic than executing billions of little yeast molecules to make a barrel of beer or a loaf of bread?

Second, enhanced DNA and computers are more and more becoming parts of our bodies. Millions watch as Captain Picard and the crew of the Starship Enterprise battle a genetically engineered race called The Borg, who are the ugliest possible combination of DNA with computers (with the exception, of course, of new Borg sex symbol, Seven of Nine).

The Borg aren't real, but human-machine integration isn't just fiction anymore. Teams at MIT, Xerox and elsewhere are racing to connect you very closely to your cell phone and television. Within a few years, pacemakers and other medical devices will begin corresponding electronically with hospitals, physicians and even insurance companies about the patients whom they "inhabit." Many aspects of our behavior will be monitored more closely, and we may even get insurance discounts if we agree to "show" what healthy people we are!

Ethical issues in merging with computers go beyond the "weird" factor into a whole new kind of problem: what happens if human beings are made from non-human parts? Is a baby made from cloned DNA, gestated in a bubble and connected to a cellular phone still human? The answer matters because it is no longer obvious what it means to call something or someone "normal" or a "person," even in the world of medicine. That means it is getting harder and harder to figure out which advances in medicine are worth public research money and which ought to be mothballed.

Most interestingly, we are approaching the world of Fantastic Voyage. Experts in this new field of nanotechnology promise a world in which very small machines literally circulate within us, pursuing bad bacteria and viruses and dissolving cholesterol and lipids. It sounds great, if a little bit spooky, but it is still a long way away.

So should we spend taxpayers money on clot-breaking machines to extend the average life span, or work to build other artificial devices much smaller - and more effective - than the artificial heart of the 1970s? It is a difficult decision but one that only our generation can make.

Saving Social Security takes on a whole new meaning in a world that works hard to keep people alive well into their 100s, but connected to dozens of expensive little machines. As we prioritize about hunger, our status as a global power and the future of medicine, many of the most troubling decisions will be very, very small.

History Timeline of Robotics

History Timeline of Robotics


1920
Czechoslovakian playwright Karel Capek introduces the word robot in the play R.U.R. - Rossum's Universal Robots. The word comes from the Czech robota, which means tedious labor.

1938
The first programmable paint-spraying mechanism is designed by Americans Willard Pollard and Harold Roselund for the DeVilbiss Company.

1942
Isaac Asimov publishes Runaround, in which he defines the Three Laws of Robotics.

1946
Emergence of the computer: George Devol patents a general purpose playback device for controlling machines, using magnetic recording; J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly build the ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania - the first electronic computer; At MIT, Whirlwind, the first digital general purpose computer, solves its first problem.

1948
Norbert Wiener, a professor at M.I.T., publishes Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal, a book which describes the concept of communications and control in electronic, mechanical, and biological systems.

1951
In France, Raymond Goertz designs the first teleoperated articulated arm for the Atomic Energy Commission. The design is based entirely on mechanical coupling between the master and slave arms (using steel cables and pulleys). Derivatives of this design are still seen in places where handling of small nuclear samples is required. This is generally regarded as the major milestone in force feedback technology.

1954
George Devol designs the first programmable robot and coins the term Universal Automation, planting the seed for the name of his future company - Unimation.

1959
Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy establish the Articifical Intelligence Laboratory at MIT.

1960
Unimation is purchased by Condec Corporation and development of Unimate Robot Systems begins.
American Machine and Foundry, later known as AMF Corporation, markets the first cylindrical robot, called the Versatran, designed by Harry Johnson and Veljko Milenkovic.

1962
General Motors purchases the first industrial robot from Unimation and installs it on a production line. This manipulator is the first of many Unimates to be deployed.

1963
John McCarthy heads up the new Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Stanford University.

1964
Artificial intelligence research laboratories are opened at M.I.T., Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Stanford University, and the University of Edinburgh.

1964
C&D Robotics founded.

1965
Carnegie Mellon University establishes the Robotics Institute.

1965
Homogeneous transformations applied to robot kinematics - this remains the foundation of robotics theory today

1967
Japan imports the Versatran robot from AMF (the first robot imported into Japan).

1968
Kawasaki licenses hydraulic robot design from Unimation and starts production in Japan.

1968
SRI builds Shakey, a mobile robot with vision capability, controlled by a computer the size of a room.

1970
Professor Victor Scheinman of Stanford University designs the Standard Arm. Today, its kinematic configuration remains known as the Standard Arm.

1973
Cincinnati Milacron releases the T3, the first commercially available minicomputer-controlled industrial robot (designed by Richard Hohn).

1974
Professor Victor Scheinman, the developer of the Stanford Arm, forms Vicarm Inc. to market a version of the arm for industrial applications. The new arm is controlled by a minicomputer.

1976
Robot arms are used on Viking 1 and 2 space probes.Vicarm Inc. incorporates a microcomputer into the Vicarm design.

1977
ASEA, a European robot company, offers two sizes of electric powered industrial robots. Both robots use a microcomputer controller for programming and operation.

1977
Unimation purchases Vicarm Inc.

1978
Using technology from Vicarm, Unimation develops the PUMA (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly). The PUMA can still be found in many research labs today.

1978
Brooks Automation founded

1979
Sankyo and IBM market the SCARA (selective compliant articulated robot arm) developed at Yamanashi University in Japan

1981
Cognex founded.

1981
CRS Robotics Corp. founded.

1982
Fanuc of Japan and General Motors form joint venture in GM Fanuc to market robots in North America.

1983
Adept Technology founded.

1984
Joseph Engelberger starts Transition Robotics, later renamed Helpmates, to develop service robots.

1986
With Unimation license terminated, Kawasaki develops and produces its own line of electric robots.

1988
Stäubli Group purchases Unimation from Westinghouse.

1989
Computer Motion founded.

1989
Barrett Technology founded

1993
Sensable Technologies founded.

1994
CMU Robotics Institute's Dante II, a six-legged walking robot, explores the Mt. Spurr volcano in Alaska to sample volcanic gases.

1995
Intuitive Surgical formed by Fred Moll, Rob Younge and John Freud to design and market surgical robotic systems. Founding technology based on the work at SRI, IBM and MIT.

1997
NASA's Mars PathFinder mission captures the eyes and imagination of the world as PathFinder lands on Mars and the Sojourner rover robot sends back images of its travels on the distant planet.

1997
Honda showcases the P3, the 8th prototype in a humanoid design project started in 1986.

2000
Honda showcases Asimo, the next generation of its series of humanoid robots.

2000
Sony unveils humanoid robots, dubbed Sony Dream Robots (SDR), at Robodex.

2001
Sony releases the second generation of its Aibo robot dog.

2001
Built by MD Robotics of Canada, the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) is successfully launched into orbit and begins operations to complete assembly of International Space Station